Shakespeare intended the audience Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare intended the audience Essay Do you believe that Shakespeare intended the audience to share Prosperos view of Caliban?  I feel that through out the Tempest Caliban is portrayed as a dislikeable creature. However I personally think that the audience is supposed to learn to love him by the end as slowly we are told of all his good points.  In the Tempest we meet many characters, the first on the island being Prospero. Before Prospero we meet characters like Boatswain and Master, as well as Antonio. We are not sure at the start whether we like them or not as we havent been with them for a very long time. However as soon as we meet Prospero we are told the story of his past and sympathise with him. We also start to trust him, as we all believe beyond question his story of his and Mirandas flight to the island. This principle is aided by the way Miranda believes everything without a doubt and as she is attractive our immediate thought is to trust her. This is our first instance showing just how important appearances actually are. From all this we start to abhor Antonio and all the others Prospero mentions except Gonzalo as he is described as A noble Neapolitan. So after the first two scenes we all ready have complete trust in Prospero, so therefore when we hear him describe another character like this: Thou poisonous slave, got by the devil himself  Upon thy wicked dam, come forth. (I, ii, 319,320)  This strong description of someone obviously disliked by a man we all trust makes us dislike him too. We are also alarmed when we first see Caliban as he is a monster and is not a nice thing to look at. This triggers the same prejudice as the one triggered with Miranda but it works in reverse, due to Calibans appearance we dislike him, even though we know nothing about him. Shakespeare probably used this technique as at that time in history people were judged by their appearance and treated well or badly depending on this. Shakespeare may have also used this as it brought in some current issues of the time. As the play goes on we learn a big fault of Calibans. We realise that before the play he decided to rape Miranda, however he was unsuccessful. Caliban admits this by quoting:  O ho, O ho, wouldt be done!  Thou didst prevent me; I had peopled else  This isle with Calibans. (I, ii, 349-351)  This gives Prospero and us what seems on the surface a good reason to loathe Caliban. However when you look in to this fact in more detail you realise that it is actually natural for any animal to do this, even though it may seem unacceptable by human standards. This way that we judge Caliban is unfair as he is not human and neither was his parentage. His mother was an outcast witch so you could argue that he doesnt know any better, however you could also say the opposite as in the play Caliban says You taught me language. From this you can easily and convincingly say that if Caliban can learn a language; which is hard to do, he can learn what is right and what is wrong. From this the nature/nurture argument can really start. I personally feel that if you spend a long time in life doing what is natural (like Caliban did) you can never really be judged by human standards even if someone human has nurtured you. Therefore personally I dont think that this rape makes Caliban a bad being as he did what was natural to him and he didnt understand the consequences. He probably felt that he had the right to do this as when Prospero and Miranda came to the island Caliban showed them where all the food, drink and shelter was. He worshipped them and helped them to settle in to island life. .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 , .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .postImageUrl , .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 , .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:hover , .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:visited , .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:active { border:0!important; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:active , .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83 .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1cd27f3b078f7e0418a5f560a218cb83:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth: Trace the progress of Lady Macbeth from Fiend-like Queen to a pathetic suicide EssayThou strokst me and made much of me; wouldst thou give me  Water with berries int; and teach me how  To name the bigger light, and how the less,  That burn by day and night. And then I loved thee,  And showed thee all the qualities o th isle,  The fresh springs, the brine pits, barren place and fertile;  (I, ii, 333-348)  This speech proves what Caliban did for Prospero and makes me think that Prospero may have died without Calibans help and therefore Caliban must have some kindness in him. However Caliban makes his mistake now. This is that he raped Miranda, but as h e helped Prospero could have thought that he had the right to own some of Prosperos property, and in the time that the play was written in, women were the property of their fathers and then husbands.

Comparative Data free essay sample

Health Care Finance Complete the following table by writing responses to the questions. Cite the sources in the text and list them at the bottom of the table. What criterion must be met for true comparability? | For true comparability, consistency, verification and unit measurement must be met. Consistency is vital to make sure that all things are done in the same manner throughout the same time period. Verification is important to ensure that all of the collected information is valid and holds evidence of the validity of your data. Unit measurement is important to ensure that all money transacted is input in the same denomination. | What elements of consistency should be considered? Provide an example. | The following three methods of consistency should be considered: Time periods,which means for example, a 4 month time period should not be compared with a 6 month time period. It is important for lengths of time to be compared with similar lengths of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Data or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consistent methodology which means if you begin a time period, for example, using one method of inventorying, that you do not change methods in the middle of the time period and adopt a new method for doing things. Determination of inflation factors, for example, if multiple years are being compared, will your company take inflation into consideration throughout those time periods or not? | What is the manager’s responsibility in comparing data? | It is important for the manger to stay aware of whether the data they receive is appropriate for comparing. It is also the responsibility of the manager to recall and apply the elements of consistency. | What are the four common uses of comparative data? | The four common uses of comparative data are comparing current expenses to current budget, comparing current actual expenses to prior periods in the same organization, compare data of your organization to other organizations, compare data from your organization to industry standard data. | What is meant by standardized data? | What is meant by standardized data is that an rganization or company has a â€Å"standard† set of rules or regulations or data collection so that information and data that is obtained can be compared.

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Georg Philipp Telemann essays

Georg Philipp Telemann essays Georg Phillipp Telemann was born in Magdeburg, Germany in 1681, and was one of Germanys greatest musicians. He was a very busy man throughout his years, especially when writing music. In his lifetime, he worked on a vast amount of works, which includes 1043 church cantatas, 600 orchestral suites, 40 operas, among other countless works. He also composed songs for Latin school dramas, and was even in some of his own written operas as an opera singer. During Telemanns youth, he was so very much musical inclined. He would study works from such composers as Jean Baptiste Lully and Andre Campra. He was so prolific in music that by the age of 10, he self taught himself how to play the violin, the flute, the zither, and keyboard instruments. Even at a very young age, Telemann was said to have composed church motets, and by the age of 12, he began composing, the first steps to almost completion, of a composition and performance of the opera Sigismundus. Telemanns mother disapproved of his music interest, and in 1694, sent him off to Zellerfield (a boarding school) under the care of superintendent Casper Calvoer. He taught Telemann areas in Geometry and the Latin language. Calvoer, without parental consent, had also secretly instructed Telemann in music theory. In 1701, Telemann began attending Leipzig University, with intentions of studying law, but shortly thereafter, a career in music became inevitable. He was so capable of being a musician, especially with his talented background, that a year later he was appointed as music director of the Leipzig Opera. Within that same year, he had organized a student Collegium Musicum. There he would use his students in his productions, and would also give public concerts. It would later be succeeded by the infamous Johanne Sebastian Bach. Telemann, between 1704 through 1717, would travel to four different cities and would be ...

IKEAs Corporate Social Responsibility and Supply Management Coursework

IKEAs Corporate Social Responsibility and Supply Management - Coursework Example It is noted that since the year 2000, IKEA has worked actively towards meeting its set corporate social responsibility towards its business sustainability. The first area of CRS that IKEA started channeling its efforts was to meet the social requirement of its stakeholders by complying in its supply chain. In other words, IKEA created effective business relationship with investors and supplies towards sustainable business. Additionally, IKEA has made RCS its organizational culture that aims at enduring effective partnership with all stakeholders as it support social issues, protect the environment, and giving back to the society. Notably, IKEA is highly involved in the community development a responsibility that makes it in active interaction with its various stakeholders. IKEA has also set code of conduct within its operation to ensure that its employees interact among themselves and with other stakeholders in socially acceptable manners. IKEA started implementing its code of conduc t in the year 2000.

(economics) assignment has two parts and both two parts have to be Essay

(economics) assignment has two parts and both two parts have to be explained in assignment - Essay Example Mars is challenged by biggies like Nestle, Ferrero, Cadbury etc. in the bars market. Sugar happens to be the one of the key ingredient as far as production of Mars Bars is concerned. In these competitive times profit margins have shown a shrinking trend. Now if the sugar supply falls short as a result of unfavorable weather conditions, the obvious fallout will be severe constraint in the procurement chain to maintain the levels of production. Sugar prices are bound to increase, resulting in an increase in production costs. Had there been no competition, Mars Inc would have resorted to a hike in prices of its bars. But the moment the company increases prices, competitors will grab the opportunity to further widen their market base, even if that meant subsidizing the product. Rival companies would resort to such a step, hoping that once the weather conditions improve, the supply will normalize and then they can fill the revenue gap by using the increased market base. As the adverse con dition is a temporary occurrence, therefore, even under these conditions, Mars bars will continue to be made available with the same price tag. There could be somewhat less number of products in the market. Some amount of cost could be recovered by way of cutting advertisement and market communication costs, as the company would be content with effectively serving its existing market only. The shortage is worldwide therefore almost all companies in the business will be equally affected. If the shortage stays for longer then only the company will start thinking about a step like price increase. The direct fallout of increased wages will of course be on the cost of production, which is bound to go up. As a result the profit margins will be under pressure and the company will have to try really hard to maintain the previous levels. But at the same time, increased wages will act as a motivational force for the workers who will now work with more zeal

Effect of Urban Living on Sustainability

Effect of Urban Living on Sustainability Continued Urbanisation – Does it hold the key to sustainable living? March 25th 2010 – was a key turning point in humanity (Graph 1); it was on that day, for the first time ever, that over half of the world’s population (50.5%) were classified as living in urban areas (compared to rural), as a result of urbanisation. Graph 1, showing Urban and Rural World Population change since 1950. Causes of Urbanisation Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities1, this results from: rural to urban migration (mostly in LEDCs and NICs) natural increase (birth rate exceeds deathrate) (mostly in LEDCs and NICs) Urbanisation rates vary temporally and spatially, indeed most MEDCs began urbanising in the 1800’s as a result of industrialisation. In the 1950s, North America and Europe were home to the world’s most urbanised regions, though Tokyo overtook New York as the world’s largest city. By the mid 60s, the world’s urban population passed 1 billion, with rates of urbanisation having become highest in Asia and Africa; and Asia having more urban dwellers than Europe. By the 80s, urbanisation rates in China were once again increasing, though had slowed globally. Worldwide urban dwellers exceeded 2 billion, with Toyko’s population having reached 30 million. During the first decade of the 21st century the urban/rural balance of the industrial countries stabilised at 70-80% mark. Analysts predict that by 2020 the world’s urban population will reach 4 billion and China will become more than 50% urbanised2. The greatest contributor to urbanisation is that of migration. Migration is controlled by a series of push and pull factors (Table 1). Table 1: Push Pull factors contributing to urbanisation Push Factors (usually negative, and repel people from the rural area) Pull Factors (usually positive, and attract people to move to the urban area) *high unemployment *low unemployment; better employment opportunities *population increase *better living standards *famines (such as in Ethiopia in the 1980s) *housing – quality and availability *flooding (such as in Bangladesh where people move to Dhaka) *essential services such as health and education are more readily available and accessible Sustainable Urban Living Global urbanisation is bringing the majority of the world’s population together in cities, making it easier to provide access to essential services, as the people are in concentrated areas. But, realistically, does continued urbanisation actually hold the key to future sustainable living, or is the rate of growth such that we cannot keep pace? For future sustainability, the lifestyle of our global population must reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources, from the earth, so that we can meet our needs, whilst not negatively impacting on the lives of future generations. Sustainable living means ‘living a lifestyle that uses as few resources as possible and causes the least amount of environmental damage for future generations to deal with’3. Figure 1 below considers some of the key elements of urban sustainability4 Essentially, to be sustainable, our system outputs should be ‘recycled or re-used’ so as not to exceed our inputs. This applies to all settlements, not just urban ones. I live in an urban area, Telford, albeit a small one. Recycling has become a prominent part of our life (2004 onwards) as we aim to reduce landfill and address CO2 issues. I enjoy living in an urban environment, I have a choice of health and education services, I have access to retail and leisure parks and our public transport system makes travelling around the town easier. On a negative note, I see a lot of expansion onto greenfield sites as more homes and retail areas are created. This is destroying the view from my window and saddens me, especially when I walk through town and see boarded up shops. Solutions: Ensuring sustainable urban living Scenarios The future landscape could look very different if urbanisation continues at an unabated rate and we take no action, some ‘what ifs’ are considered below. What if †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. What this could mean †¦ How we could avert the issue Urban areas in LEDCs/NICs continue to grow at a rapid rate Increased numbers of informal settlements (shanty towns) in urban areas, especially in LEDCs and NICs; services under pressure due to increased demand; spread of disease Provide the essential services that rural areas need eg mobile doctors and schools, to reduce the desire to move; this would help agricultural productivity too; have an entry policy – people have to apply for permission to move to the city Urbanisation becomes more popular in MEDCs Redevelopment of brownfield sites is more costly and time consuming compared to greenfield developments, so urban sprawl might extend, if green belts are non-existent or are developed Promote inner city living, including the ability to live, work and relax all in the one ‘space’; reduces commuting time and costs and makes for a healthier lifestyle Urbanisation in China Graph 2, showing change in Life Expectancy in China between 1960 and 2011 A good example of a country that has seen a rapid increase in urbanisation is China. China has been urbanising rapidly; in 1940 it had 69 cities, in 2007 it had 670 almost ten times as many after only 67 years. This has very clearly affected Chinese life expectancy dramatically, as the graph left clearly shows (Y-axis: life expectancy in China at birth, X-axis: Date of Birth). This shows very clearly that the more urban the country became, the higher the life expectancy: so urbanisation can definitely be seen to increase the lifespan of the countries inhabitants. However, in Graph 3, below, it is very clear to see that in the same timespan (1960-2010) the CO2 emissions have greatly increased, showing the negative effect urbanisation has had on air pollution, which is now a major problem in China. Graph 3, showing Carbon Dioxide emission levels, per capita, between 1960 and 2010 The most fundamental requirements for sustaining human life are: shelter, food and water. Urbanisation, due to the creation of apartment buildings and streets in cities, usually has a positive impact on housing requirements. However, availability of food and water may be hindered by the accelerating speed of global urbanisation as high population densities can put local water plants under extreme pressure, due to such high demand, so in the long term urbanisation can have a negative effect in this context. Urbanisation can also mean bad news for food supply; the migration of people from rural areas into cities means that long term, agricultural operations can suffer due to insufficient, capable rural workers being available and, in some cases, destruction of farming sites for construction of new urban sites is also a big problem. Due to these factors the production of food may slow down and supplies even become depleted. Graph 4, showing Population Increase in China between 1961 and 2005. Another, negative, effect urbanisation can have is over population. Returning to the earlier example of China since China has been becoming a large urban country, its population has increased substantially; the population of China in 2012 was approximately 1,344,130,000 (over 1/6 of the earth’s total population of 7.129 billion). China is widely considered to be one of the most over-populated countries in the world, and over-population can really hinder the goal of sustainable living. Looking at the three, aforementioned, basic requirements to sustain human life shelter, food and water, we can see how overpopulation can have a negative impact on all of these. If there are too many people living in a country, it becomes very difficult to provide housing for all of them, and even harder to supply all of them with a job, so they can afford the upkeep of their accommodation. Overpopulation also places a high demand for constant provision of food and water; this, added to the ear lier mentioned effects that urbanisation has on the food and water supplies, means supply of both of these commodities, essential for human life, will be put under extreme pressure as a result of urbanisation and overpopulation. These factors really challenge the theory that global urbanisation could be the answer to sustainable living and, to address this further, we need to compare an international rural living area with an urban one. Rural living in Ethiopia compared to Urban living in the U.K. Ethiopia, which had a rural population of 82.4% in 2010, provides a brilliant example of rural living and the United Kingdom, which had an urban population of 90.1% in 2010, provides a good example of an urban area. UK (urban) Ethiopia (rural) Life Expectancy 80 years (2011) 59 years (2011) Adult Literacy Rate ^^99% (2003) 39% (2007-2011) Internet Users 82% (2011) 1% (2011) Use of Improved Water Sources 100% (2010) 44% (2010) Adult HIV Prevalence 0.3% (2011) 1.4% (2011) (Data source ^^ CIA World Factbook, all other data from UNICEF ) Looking at these indicators, it seems that urbanisation is advantageous in many areas. I included the adult literacy rate and internet use to show the quality of education; the use of improved water sources and HIV prevalence to show the quality of health and related services. As the table shows, UK, a highly urbanised area, has a much better quality of life than Ethiopia, an extremely rural area: UK life expectancy is significantly higher than Ethiopia’s (by 35%); the literacy rate in Ethiopia is 60% lower than that of the UK; internet use in the UK is substantially higher that in Ethiopia (81%); all UK citizens use improved water sources, whereas only 44% of Ethiopians do and the HIV prevalence rate in Ethiopia is almost 5 times higher than that in the UK. All of these indicators clearly point towards the fact that urbanisation does contribute to life quality and longevity. In conclusion I think that the true key to sustainable living is to find a perfect balance between populating urban and rural areas, as both are incredibly important. Without urban areas we may not be as technologically advanced as we are today (many of our technology looks towards a future sustainable life, like electric powered cars), and if towns and cities weren’t being built, the present risk of over population would be even more severe; and without rural areas, agricultural industries would suffer greatly which are incredibly important to human life, and loss of large forests and/or grasslands could mean a large increase of Carbon Dioxide in the air as well as destroying many historical location. To improve urban areas governments can focus on improving public transportation systems, which have proved very successful and eco-friendly in the past (for example the London Underground and the new York Subway) and continue to develop more ways to be economically friendly like finding a better way to dispose of our waste or developing more means of transportation that don’t affect the environment as heavily as current transport does. In order to protect rural areas Green Belts and/or UGBs (Urban growth boundaries) can be put into place more frequently, which limit where cities can expand in order to protect and maintain rural and semi-rural areas. If we continue to expand our urban areas whilst making sure we maintain enough rural locations then I think that we can easily accomplish sustainable living. I would suggest that a good percentage for the world’s population living in urban areas is around 80% in order to achieve this goal. Bibliography/Resource List www.internetgeography.net http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16606619 www.regenerative.com http://beta.futurecities.ethz.ch/assets/FCL_web_circular_metabolism1.jpg www.onlinegeography.co.uk www.wikispaces.com www.inhabitat.com www.cat.org.uk www.dawleyheritage.co.uk